I shared a photo of my grandmother Eveline Coates’ high school graduating class in Mystic, Iowa a few weeks (now months!) ago. Along with the photo and her diploma, a couple of other mementos were saved. One is the program for the Junior-Senior Banquet in honor of the graduating Seniors. It was interesting to see how World War I seemed to be the overarching theme of the festivities. I decided to take a deeper look at what her life may have been like during the 1917-1918 school year. There was a lot going on, a war and the beginning of an influenza pandemic to name the two biggies. The list of related posts is getting long, so I’ll link them at the bottom.

Eveline’s graduation invitation listed a week full of activities prior to graduation.

I’m going to skip the Junior-Senior Reception for now and focus on the Baccalaureate Sermon in this post.

Baccalaureate Sermon, 8:00 P. M. Sunday, May 12, 1918. The sermon was given by Rev. William H. Slack at the Methodist Episcopal Church of Mystic, located next to the high school. Rev. Slack registered for the draft about four months later. His registration provides a description of a thirty-nine-year-old white man of medium height and stocky build, with black hair and blue eyes. The minister was reported to have delivered a “splendid” address to the graduates.

Miss Edna Evans was a teacher in the high school, but she had previously been Eveline’s teacher in elementary school. A couple of class photos from Eveline’s collection picture Edna Evans.

Vergyle/Virgle Inskeep, Lola White, and Claudine Cook were graduating seniors. Blanche may have been a sister to Claudine. The songs, Welcome Pretty Primrose and The Last Rose of Summer, may have been chosen in tribute to the class flower – the pink rose. The Library of Congress has a recording of Welcome Pretty Primrose. I couldn’t get the link to embed properly, but if you click on the link, you can sing along while reading the lyrics.

https://www.loc.gov/item/jukebox-130359/?

The Last Rose of Summer is a poem by the Irish poet Thomas Moore, written in 1805. The poem is set to a traditional tune called “The Young Man’s Dream.”

‘Tis the last rose of summer,
    Left blooming alone;
All her lovely companions
    Are faded and gone;
No flower of her kindred,
    No rose-bud is nigh,
To reflect back her blushes
    Or give sigh for sigh!

I’ll not leave thee, thou lone one.
    To pine on the stem;
Since the lovely are sleeping,
    Go, sleep thou with them;
Thus kindly I scatter
    Thy leaves o’er the bed,
Where thy mates of the garden
    Lie scentless and dead.

So soon may I follow,
    When friendships decay,
And from love’s shining circle
    The gems drop away!
When true hearts lie withered,
    And fond ones are flown,
Oh! who would inhabit
    This bleak world alone?

The male voices who sang The Sailor’s Dream, are not members of the Senior class, so I assume they were Juniors. Unfortunately, I could not find this song in my search.

I enjoy searching for people and music and descriptions that put an event into context and provide a sense of the time and place, and then I wonder some more … How was the church decorated? Were there flowers? Pink and green ribbons attached to pews or chairs? The pulpit draped in class colors? … Graduating seniors dressed in their “Sunday best” and in the company of their parents and siblings… What message might the minister have wanted to convey to these graduating seniors in a time of war? Did Eveline feel a bit melancholy listening to The Last Rose of Summer?

All I can do is imagine.

I wonder if families and friends lined up at the doors of the M. E. Church as they arrived for the Baccalaureate service?

No need for you to stand in line to explore how others have responded to the prompt photo. Just click the link and you will arrive at your destination: Sepia Saturday

If you would like to read other posts about Eveline’s Senior Year, you can find them here:
Eveline’s Senior Year, Part 1
Eveline’s Senior Year: The Draft and a Carnival
Eveline’s Senior Year: A Look Around Town
Eveline’s Senior Year: Musical Notes
Eveline’s Senior Year: Smallpox
Eveline’s Senior Year: What are you Serving?
Eveline’s Senior Year: Root Beer on the 4th
Eveline’s Senior Year: Miners, Miner and Maps
Eveline’s Senior Year: The Weight of Mining
Eveline’s Senior Year: Gatherings and Gossip
Eveline’s Senior Year: Knit Your Bit
Eveline’s Senior Year: In Search of a Back Story
Eveline’s Senior Year: Sign the Food Pledge
Eveline’s Senior Year: Produce, Preserve, Conserve
Eveline’s Senior Year: Graduation Memorabilia

I shared a photo of my grandmother Eveline Coates’ high school graduating class in Mystic, Iowa a few weeks (now months!) ago. Along with the photo and her diploma, a couple of other mementos were saved. One is the program for the Junior-Senior Banquet in honor of the graduating Seniors. It was interesting to see how World War I seemed to be the overarching theme of the festivities. I decided to take a deeper look at what her life may have been like during the 1917-1918 school year. There was a lot going on, a war and the beginning of an influenza pandemic to name the two biggies. The list of related posts is getting long, so I’ll link them at the bottom.

Shortly after the United States entered World War I, the U. S. Food Administration was formed, with an unpaid Herbert Hoover acting as the administrator. Hoover believed that if he volunteered his time, he would be better able to convince Americans to voluntarily join the three-pronged effort to produce, preserve, and conserve food. As I mentioned in my previous post, these educational and persuasive efforts were primarily directed at women.

Women were guilted (I know that isn’t really a verb) and “invited to co-operate” to win the war in their kitchens.

Increase Production

Families were encouraged to maintain a “war garden” to increase the available food supply locally. This would save on transportation costs to get food to families that could better be used for transport of soldiers or food to feed solders and our allies. In the words of today, “eat local.” The Centerville paper ran a gardening column 2-3 times a week, provided by the federal government. The topics varied from pest control to growing particular fruits or vegetables. Here are some sample headers from the Centerville newspapers:

Any idle land or vacant lot was to be used for gardening. The Burlington Railroad offered right-of-way for this purpose.

I didn’t find anything particular to Mystic, but the county seat of Centerville formed a War Garden organization and local businesses also got on board.

Since no vacant lots were to remain idle, I guess kids around the nation lost their playing fields.

Preserve

Now that your war garden was producing well, it was time to preserve the food you grew. Do not waste any food! Americans were told that this would also relieve the canning industry so that products that could go to soldiers would not be diverted for domestic use. I had never thought about when home canning became popular, but the war was a great motivator to increase home canning. Newly organized home demonstration agents were assigned to each county to teach canning and drying methods to preserve food.

A canning demonstration was held in Mystic the morning of July 7th.

In addition to the canning demonstrations, there were frequent articles about canning prepared by the federal government for publication. These included instructions for making vinegar, a variety of pickled produce, tomato sauce, ketchup, and other food stuffs, but my favorites would have been the fruit butters. I had never heard of fruit pastes until I read the article below. Maybe fruit paste is similar to modern fruit roll-ups?

I don’t know the extent that food preservation was encouraged at school or if kid’s clubs or after-school programs encouraged the youth of Mystic to join the effort to preserve food. Perhaps they heard about a Girl Scout who won the first canning award in Washington.

German propaganda was reported to be hampering the efforts of the food campaign, particularly in rural areas with high numbers of immigrants. I wonder if this happened in Mystic, a small town with a large immigrant population.

Conserve

Again, the federal government supplied articles for publishing. Below are a few headlines. Each included instructions or recipes.

Another tool of the food campaign encouraged families, hotels, and restaurants to plan meals around Meatless Tuesdays and Wheatless Wednesdays.

And, of course, it was important to conserve sugar.

A local cartoon implied that Appanoose County was doing its part to conserve food.

Another bit of propaganda aimed at women was a series of letters purported to be written by Frances, a woman in Washington, D. C., to her sister Edith, in Michigan. The letters all had the tag line “The Soldier-Woman.”

What did this all mean for Eveline?

Well, of course, I don’t really know. My grandmother Eveline always had a very large garden and canned lots and lots of vegetables for the winter. I assume that this was a practice learned in her early years. Her family was subject to rations of sugar and flour, shortages, and the pressure to change dietary and cooking habits. One thought that came to mind while doing this research: Eveline was a young mother during the Depression and my mother was a Depression baby. My mother was a “saver” as were many people of that generation – a result of being raised during that time of lack. But this made me think that, not only did Eveline live through the Depression, but through this rather intense campaign to save and never waste food – a double whammy of influence that was likely passed on to her children.

I found this interesting/amusing pamphlet about war gardens if you have further interest in the subject. It is full of cartoon and poems. The War Garden Guyed.

And just because, I’ll end with this poem that was printed in Eveline’s local newspaper.

Once again, this is my very late contribution to Sepia Saturday – or in my case, Sepia Tuesday! Please visit the more timely entries in response to the prompt photo below.

If you would like to read other posts about Eveline’s Senior Year, you can find them here:
Eveline’s Senior Year, Part 1
Eveline’s Senior Year: The Draft and a Carnival
Eveline’s Senior Year: A Look Around Town
Eveline’s Senior Year: Musical Notes
Eveline’s Senior Year: Smallpox
Eveline’s Senior Year: What are you Serving?
Eveline’s Senior Year: Root Beer on the 4th
Eveline’s Senior Year: Miners, Miner and Maps
Eveline’s Senior Year: The Weight of Mining
Eveline’s Senior Year: Gatherings and Gossip
Eveline’s Senior Year: Knit Your Bit
Eveline’s Senior Year: In Search of a Back Story
Eveline’s Senior Year: Sign the Food Pledge